Cassius as Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar Essay -- Julius Caesar Essays

Cassius as Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar  William Shakespeare composed Julius Caesar around 1599. The job of the 'disastrous legend' is critical the same number of the characters in Julius Caesar embody the 'terrible saint' characteristics. Marcus Brutus, and Julius Caesar, show all the characteristics of the 'disastrous legend': they are incredible men, with character blemishes, and because of a mix-up in dynamic numerous individuals endure. In Cassius one can see these equivalent characteristics. Cassius can be viewed as another disastrous legend in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.  Cassius is a gifted general, and doesn't care for the way that Caesar has become 'god-like' in the Roman individuals' psyches (see above statement Act I, Scene ii). Cassius can be viewed as an incredible man on account of his standing and title; notwithstanding, his job as schemer is a lot bigger, and shows his control over others. In this manner, according to the crowd, he is seen as incredible. Notwithstanding, he has a blemish, as all appalling saints do: it is evident from where his capacity is arranged that he needs respectability. He is indiscreet and deceitful; this is...

Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Augustus Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius Augustus was brought into the world plain Gaius Octavius at Rome on September 23rd. His dad was the first in the family to become representative, yet passed on when Octavian was just four years of age. It was his mom who had the more recognized association. She was the girl of Julia, sister to Julius Caesar. He was short in Stature, and proportional. His body anyway was canvassed in spots and he had numerous pigmentations dissipated over his chest and midsection. With respect to character it is said that he was pitiless when he was youthful, however turned out to be better when he great more established. He was open minded of analysis and had a decent comical inclination. Albeit unfaithful to his better half Livia Drusilla, he remained profoundly committed to her. His open good mentalities were exacting. Octavian served under Julius Caesar in the Spanish endeavor of 46 BC. It was conceivable that he assigned to take a senior military order in Caesar's anticipated Parthian endeavor of 44 BC, despite the fact that at the time he was just 18 years of age. In any case, Octavian was with his companions Marcus Agrippa and Marcus Salvidienus Rufus in Appollonia in Epirus finishing his scholastic and military investigations, when news contacted him of Caesar's death. He without a moment's delay came back to Rome. He learned in transit that Caesar had embraced him in his will. The news honed his purpose to vindicate Caesar's homicide. At the point when he showed up he discovered force in the hands of Marc Antony and Aemilius Lepidus, who were encouraging trade off and acquittal. Octavian wouldn't acknowledge this, and prevailing with regards to sabotaging Antony's situation by prevailing upon a significant number of Caesar's supporters, including a portion of the armies. He was neglected to convince Marc Antony to hand over Caesar's benefits and reports. Octavian was constrained to disseminate Caesar's inheritances to the Roman open from whatever subsidizes he had the option to raise from different sources. This no uncertainty raised his remaining with the Roman's impressively. Octavian's own standing had been increased by the worship of Julius Caesar. Not, at this point tended to as Octavian however as Caesar he would now additionally style himself as child of god. Augustus was one of the most capable, vigorous and capable heads that the world has ever known. Crafted by revamping and restoration which he embraced in each part of his immense domain made another Roman harmony. He won certified famous help by facilitating games, raising new structures, and by different measures to the general great. He comprehended that his own standing and security would be fortified by administering in the open intrigue. Augustus was no extraordinary military pioneer, however had the great sense to perceive the reality. Chiefly he depended on his steadfast companion Agrippa to do the battling for him. Agter Actium, Augustus took individual lead in just one crusade, the Cantabrian War of 26-25 BC in Spain. Indeed, even there it was one of his officers who carried the war to a fruitful end. Augustus' rule was increasingly effective that he ever could of envisioned. He lived long enough to cause his family to appear the characteristic rulers according to the Roman's. In spite of the fact that to guarantee that the force should go down to a beneficiary of his demonstrated troublesome. Put something aside for an untimely infant his union with Livia created no kids. Augustus had a little girl, Julia, from a past union with Scribonia. His arrangements concentrated on Julia's significant other and kids. In 25 BC Augustus wedded Julia to Marcellus, the child of his sister Ovtavia, however when Augustus trusted himself biting the dust in 23 BC he passed his seal rings not to Marcellus, yet to Agrippa. On Augustus' recuperation there were all the indications of a looming capacity to battle among Marcellus and Agrippa. Marcellus before long became sick and kicked the bucket. This left Agrippa the conspicuous contender to be teh sovereign's beneficiary. In 21 BC had him separated from his current spouse and wed the bereaved Julia. Agrippa was 25 years her senior, however the marriage created three children and twon little girls. Augustus embraced the children Gaius and Lucius of the Marriage as his own. Agrippa kicked the bucket in 12 BC, leaving Julia bereaved by and by. Augustus without a gatekeeper. Augustus considered his better half Livia's two grown-up children from her past marriage. Augustus obliged Tiberius, the senior of the two, to

Georgiana in The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne :: essays research papers

In “The Birthmark,'; by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Georgiana’s purposeless endeavor to be perfect by coordinating in her own homicide doesn’t make her any more shrewd, particularly on the grounds that such a penance doesn't win her closeness with her better half. The character of Georgiana typifies the excellencies maintained by the shows of her time; she is wonderful, meek and has no desire of her own other than to satisfy her significant other. Notwithstanding this clear immaculate association is a "singular mark, profoundly interlaced, so to speak, with the surface and substance of her face" (Hawthorne 11). The skin coloration is contrastingly deciphered by all. At first Georgiana thinks about the skin pigmentation, as “a appeal,'; and Aylmer knows not “whether to term [the birthmark] an imperfection or a wonder . . .'; (Hawthorne 11). Most people of her own sex alludes it as “the grisly hand,'; that “Quite destroy(s) the impact of Georgiana’s magnificence . . .'; (Hawthorne 11). While her admirers “were won’t to state that some pixie at her introduction to the world hour had laid her minor hand upon the infant’s cheek, and left this intrigue [the birthmark] there in token of the enchantment enrichments that were to give her such influence over all hearts'; (Hawthorne 11). Georgiana’s easygoing methodology towards the skin coloration uncovers while she answers “No, in fact,'; when her better half asks her “has it never happened to you [Georgiana] that the imprint upon your cheek may be expelled?'; (Hawthorne 10). Aylmer anyway dreams the skin pigmentation as Hawthorne says “small blue stains which in some cases happen in the most flawless sculpture marble . . .'; (11). Later on “Georgiana soon learn(s) to shiver'; as her husband’s contempt towards the pigmentation impressively builds (Hawthorne 12). Aylmer’s fixation before long beginnings reflecting in Georgiana. She now overlooks all admonitions and falls prey to her husband’s aspiration of evacuating the skin pigmentation, of which, he despite the fact that is “convinced of the ideal practicability . . .'; (Hawthorne 13). Georgiana gains from Aylmer’s dream that, there may be a circumstance throughout the activity when he may be “inexorably made plans to cut or wrench it [her heart] away'; (Hawthorne 13). Her ongoing translation of the skin pigmentation dominates this fantasy as she presently even at the “remotest plausibility'; needs that “the endeavor be made, at whatever chance'; (Hawthorne 13). Aylemer’s dream anyway isn't the main admonition that Georgiana gets. Aylmer to pick up trust in her significant other and to announce achievement in his new pursuit plays out two or three analyses, which results vain.

Enterprises networking Online Book Company Amazing Books - Free Essay Example

Introduction In the assigment, I search book informtion, order information , other information of three online book shops .I write recommendation of amazing book company upon the researching of informtion for the three online book shops. https://www.seekbooks.com.au/popcat.asp?catmain=COM000000catsub=COM012000storeURL=seekau This website describes the author name of book. Describe book description information of book, book of ISBN, book publisher, date of publisher, format of book, number of pages of book, language information and stock availability information. Order information If u want order u click add to cart button. And u can type number in Quantity u need. Also describes total information. If u want remove item in your shopping basket, click on the Delete button. Other information This website shows other information of Shipping Costs and Delivery Times. https://www.whsmith.co.uk/CatalogAndSearch/ProductDetails-Grow+Your+Own+Drugs+-33732817.html This website describes brief description of book, book of ISBN, Published Date, Publisher, imprint and pages and also describes full description of book. Order information This website give order information of ordering items with different availability, pre-orders, ordering from Whsmith Jersey, order receipt, order confirmation, ordering by phone, ordering from our partners, changing your order, cancelling your order. Other Information This website gives other information of 3 Ways to Save at WHSmith.co.uk This Week clearance offers. https://www.whsmith.co.uk/Support/help-ordering-change-orders.aspx https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/ Book information This website describes international standard book number (ISBN), publisher, edition, format of book, member Price and availability information and also give description of information. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/show/9781741668377 Order information If your order totals $200 or more before any discounts are applied, a Receipted Delivery charge of $1.60 will be added to your postage costs. Receipted Delivery is a signature on delivery service. For overseas orders, Australia Post international charges apply, plus a $2.00 handling fee. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/html/postage.html Other service information If you are a member, this online book company gives reservation and special orders services. They give 10-20% discount RRP members of this online book company. The member pricing too many purchases made in bookshops, through mail order or through the Co-op on-line bookshop. The member price can decrease price across promotions and products. This online book company gives 20% discount for the period between 21/04/2009 to 27/04/2009. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/html/membership.html Recommendation Book information I do recommendation for the Amazing Books website. I choose the book information for the Amazing book website are author name of book, ISBN, Publication date, Number of pages, Price, description of book. Order information It should have quantity of book u order, total cost, Delete button for remove the item in your shopping basket, Delivery Company and delivery time for order. Other information It should describe Member information, Member price, and discount for much order and promotion period. A. The information required from your recommendations made in Task 1. Book information I do recommendation for the Amazing Books website. I choose the book information for the Amazing book website are author name of book, ISBN, Publication date, Number of pages, Price, description of book. Order information It should have quantity of book u order, total cost, Delete button for remove the item in your shopping basket, Delivery Company and delivery time for order. Other information It should describe Member information, Member price, and discount for much order and promotion period. B. The methods and hardware for recording new stock items, including their location in a large warehouse. 1. RFID for recording new stock items RFID is the technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items. An RFID system consists of an antenna and a transceiver, which read the radio frequency and transfers the information to a processing device (reader) and a transponder, or RF tag, which contains the RF circuitry and information to be transmitted. The antenna provides the means for the integrated circuit to transmit its information to the reader that converts the radio waves reflected back from the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed on to computers that can analyze the data. RFID are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. 2. Barcodes for recording new stock items Barcode has a various way for encoding numbers and letters by using a combination of bars and spaces of varying widths. Think of barcodes as another way of writing since barcodes replace keying data. In business, the correct use of BARCODES can reduce inefficiencies and increase companys productivities. Barcodes are easy, fast and an exact way of entering data. A barcode doesnt include descriptive data. Typically barcode has ID data encoded in it, and data is used by a computer to look up all detail information associated with the data. 3. WIRELESS PORTABLE BARCODE SCANNERS for recording new stock items A wireless solution is the perfect one when you need to collect information at a far location, and need the information instantly. A wireless portable barcode scanner is built into a terminal, and uploads data to the host as its scanned, exactly and instantly. Wireless portable barcode products can allow the user scan the information at the point-of-activity, which makes it ideal for industry. 4. The methods for recording new stock items The methods for recording new stock items involve deducting each order, new stock item received, and maintain a cumulative balance. Stock record card method is the most basic style of stock record and it can be hand-written or keyed where the stock is located and the maximum and minimum quantities to be held in stock. C. The methods and hardware for processing order. Order processing starts with the receipt of an order from a customer. It may be obtained by a salesperson, be telephoned in, or arrive by mail. Regular buyers and sellers are often linked electronically. As the buyers inventories become low, an electronic purchase order is generated. It is communicated to the seller, whose computers will determine that the goods are available, and the seller. 1. Phone Order Sometimes customer wants to hear a friendly and sometime online connection is not good for made order for the customer and so, the customer made order by phone. Phone orders are made customer satisfy because the customer can tell the point of that they want. 2. Online order Nowadays, the most people use the internet and if they want to buy something, they made order from online. Ordering online is easy, fast, and safe because online orders are usually used credit cards payment. Customers can purchase product by sending an order to a business which will consists details information of which products they want to purchase and how many. Order can be received Pass the post on order forms. This will need to be entered as records on the orders file onto the computer. Online. Customer can send order by using email or over the Internet. This order would be saved in the orders file. The order file would contain fields with information about item details and quantities the date of the order money owing or received from the customer. customer detail In online order process, it will need Credit Card Processing Verification Tool. It is check any credit card number to ensure its legitimacy. It can download free and using this tool to instantly eliminate fraudulent orders and invalid card numbers. Barcode for processing order When the barcode is scanned, information is sent to the computer and placed in the desired application. Its used to scan in the order number from the packing slip and its used to scan the serial numbers of the products being shipped, which also helps when tracking inventory. If the order has items that have serial numbers, click on the Add Serial # link, and scan the serial number barcodes from the products for that order. A. The methods and hardware for recording items dispatched. An invoice is sent requesting the amount of money due for the order when the goods are dispatched. The customer may give by cheque. If you pay for your item using PayPal, or the seller marks the item on their eBay page as Payment Received, the payment status in eBay will be updated automatically to show as Payment Sent. Although, if you paid using another payment method and you manually marks the item as Payment Sent, the seller is not notice automatically. Receipt Printer Any serial printer that supports direct serial (RS232) connection or any printer that connects parallel, via USB or Ethernet and is supported by a compatible OPOS driver. Both current Samsung OPOS and Epson drivers have been tested and are compatible with EPOS-Excel. HP Printer Duplex for LaserJet 8000 8100 8150 This HP printer duplex assembly allows automatic printing on both sides of the paper and handles booklet printing. Epson LX-300+II Dot Matrix Printer Designed for demanding work environments, the Epson LX-300+II offer the speed, reliability and user-friendly features you need for critical business requirements and get powerful performance, plus easy system integration with Parallel and Serial ports, as well as fast USB connectivity. This compact performer presents the perfect value for your busy workgroup, tackling high-volume, multipart print jobs with ease. The Epson LX-300+II prints up to 337 characters per second (12 characters per inch) in High-speed Draft Mode and handles up to 5-part forms. With its narrow format and durable, 9-pin technology, this hard-working printer handles virtually any task, including inventory reports, spreadsheets, receipts, invoices, packing slips, check runs and customer shipping labels. Plus, its compact size makes it ideal for that busy workroom with limited counter space. At 49 dB, the Epson LX-300+II is quieter than most impact printers. Built to handle all your critical tasks, the Epson LX-300 +II features multiple paper paths for greater versatility. It also includes eight built-in bar codes so you can customize documents as needed. D. The process for determining and flagging up stock reorder levels. Every business needs how to determine the stock levels. There are 3 level of stock average. They are maximum stock level, minimum stock level and reorder level. Maximum Stock Level the maximum ever held in storage. The stock total will not usually be this high. Maximum Stock Level = Amount used each month x Months between orders x 3 Minimum Stock level When the stock level of an item falls below the minimum quantity, it is time to reorder the product. There are some instances where it is difficult to maintain accurate stock levels because it is impractical to record each individual material disbursement. Stock in hand + Stock received Stock used = Balance left Re-order Stock Level this figure gives a quick reference to see when you need to re-order. When the stock reaches this level, or below, you will need to re-order supplies on the next ordering date. Re-order Level = (amount used each month) x (Months between orders) x 2 The reorder level is the sum of the safety stock and the forecast requirement within the replenishment lead time or the overall lead time for articles produced in-house. Re-order level approach Average stock levels stay more or less the same and are less responsive to changes in demand. There is a risk of stock outs with inexpected rising demand but outstanding re-supply orders can be chased. E. Other hardware for the complete system. Printer Epson C-58 Colour Printer. Handheld computer Modern or FTP link 80 GB HDD(7200 rpm) UPS 600 VA (Power tree) Classic 2 GB DDR3 Memory Recommendation For amazing book store, used RFID and barcodes as a hardware for recording new stock items. RFID are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. Barcodes are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. Using barcodes as a hardware for processing order is convenience and for use to scan in the order number from the packing slip. Use Receipt Printer is suitable because it can support direct serial connection or any printer that connects via USB, parallel or Ethernet and is supported by a compatible OPOS driver. Network Topologies There are four basic types of Network Topology. They are Star Topology Ring Topology Bus Topology Mesh topology Definition of star topology Star topology also call star network. It is the most common of used of network topologies. In star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a computer hub or sometimes just a switch where computers and devices are connect to a central hub. This is topology has only one central server node. All nodes are connected to a central node. Central device received or sent data. In the star topology, data transmitting between nodes is pass to the central node which transmit again the data to other nodes. Advantages of star topology If there is a failure in cable, only one computer will affect and it will not affect the entire network. It is simple in function so it is easy to mange. It is easy to troubleshoot because the problems can be easily located in this network. It is easy to install. It is easy to find the defects and to remove the parts. Transmitting data to unnecessary nodes can control. Disadvantages of star topology All the computers connected to a central hub would be disconnected when the central hub fails. All the operations of computers are depending upon the operation of the central server. The network may be slow if there are many nodes. It require more length of cable than a linear topology. Ring Topology Ring topology also known as ring network. Data travels from node to node. Packet of data is passed only in one direction, receive data node to node. This topology has only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. A token, or small data packet, is continuously passed around the network. When a device needs to transmit, it reserves the token for the next trip around, then attaches its data packet to it. The receiving device sends back the packet with an acknowledgment of receipt, then the sending device puts the token back out on the network. Data are passed in one direction only, being received by each node and then transferred to the next node. Advantages of ring topology Network server is not managing the connectivity between the computers. Ring networks are moderately easy to install. Using token ring can create much larger network Disadvantages of ring topology A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network. The failure of a single node of the network can cause the entire network to fail. The movement or changes made to network nodes affects the performance of the entire network. Linear bus topology The topology consists of main cable with a terminator at each end. Nodes are connected to the linear cable. A bus network uses a multi-drop transmission medium, all node on the network share a common bus and thus share communication. This allows only one device to transmit at a time. Data frames include source and destination addresses, where each station monitors the bus and copies frames addressed to itself.Computer connect this network will check these address and then receive and accept the data.If data sends in parallel, network use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) access method for prevent data collision. Advantages of linear bus topology The computers are easy to connect. If one of the station fails, the other are not affect. Not need very much length of cable than a star topology. The complexity of wire is low. Disadvantages of linear bus topology If the main cable is a break, the whole network is shut down And so, this can become problem. Terminators are need. Definition of mesh topology In a mesh topology, the nodes are connected directly all other nodes. Each node can transmit, receive and routing data. This topology connects devices with multiple paths so redundancies exist. This topology is used mostly for wireless network. There are two types of mesh topology. They are fully mesh and partial mesh. Advantage It is reliable. No gateway computer so nodes can create their own paths. Disadvantage This topology can cause redundancy of many of the network connections. Need very much cable than the LAN topologies. Network Media There are four basic types of network cables. They are Fiber Optic cable Coaxial cable Unshielded Twisted pair cable (UTP) Shielded twisted pair Cable (STP) Fiber Optic Cable Fiber Optic Cable is a technology uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. It consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. The advantages of fiber optic cable are it has high greater bandwidth so they can be used over greater distance than copper cable. Fiber optic cables are thinner and lighter than metal cable so it reduce size and weight and that it keep environmental protection and overall system economy. The disadvantage of fiber optic cable is that the cable is expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice. Coaxial Cable The coaxial cable is transmission line for high-frequency signals and carries both video and audio singals. The coaxial cable is used by Satellite Company. It also used by cable TV between the community antenna and user homes and business. There are two types of coaxial cables. They are thin coaxial and thick coaxial. Advantages of Coaxial Cable It is highly resistant to signal interference it can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted pair cable. Disadvantages of Coaxial Cable Great noise. High installation cost. More expensive than twisted pair cable. It is difficult to install. Unshielded Twisted pair cable Unshielded twisted pair cable is composed of pair of wires. Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) is used in a variety of networks. UTP computer networking and used to connect devices in a Local area network. it may react to radio or electrical interference. Advantages of unshielded twisted pair cable It is easy to install. It is low cost of materials. It is less expensive than other types of networking media. It costs less per foot than any other type of LAN cabling. Disadvantages of unshielded twisted pair cable No additional shielding to protect the medium from noise. It may react to radio or electrical interference. Recommendation I choose Fiber Optic Cable and star topology for build stock control system in Amazing book store. I think star topology is most suitable for the amazing book company because it is easy to mange and simple in function. It also has good performance. Failing one cable can affect only one computer and not affect the whole of network. If one of the computer fail does not effect other devices and computers in the network. I choose UTP cable for the amazing book company. It is easy to install, low cost of materials. By using this cable, it can get many benefits. Other cable are not suitable for this site because fiber optic cable is easy fragile and difficult to splice. Coaxial cable is difficult to install, great noise and have high installation cost. So, it is the best using the UTP cable. Keep database and connect to the workstation of website for the updating or recording information of book. When the customer buy or look detail information, the serve check the company database and display the information to the customer such as prices, discount, available quantity. In any business, delivery system is important for product. Different business use different delivery methods. I investigate the electronic systems that could be used for recording the transfer of packages from Amazing books to the courier depot, then to the courier vehicle, and finally to the customer. The amazing book company uses the courier for delivery the package to the customer. Firstly, the amazing book company registers in the courier website. The courier company give the invoice ID and password to enter and look the delivery information of package in the website. The amazing book company gives the invoice ID and password to the customer can enter and look the package information. The courier company made delivery product by ship or car or air. The courier company website describes air delivery time information, ship delivery time information and car delivery time information in the website. The website also describe the delivery time information, overseas delivers informatio n, price information depend upon the location. The packages are carried by ship1-8days. So, the customer needs to know that information. So, the website admin need to repair and update the delivery information. And also need to send e-mail that describes the delivery information. The website also describes the package arrive location information for the customer. So, the customer can know their package arrive location. If the late condition of package such as when the ship meet the storm and so the delivery package can late. The customer can worry that their product are not arrive at right time. So, the website needs to give that information to the customer and amazing book company. The customer can change the delivery information option using the invoice ID and password but the delivery option can not change after the order has been confirmed. If goods are damaged due to courier or something, the website describe damage package and the website admin send mail. The customer can pay website by credit card when the delivery is complete. The website also describes insurance of package. Website admin always update website information. Website admin also describes the site map of website and help system. AIDC (Automatic Identification and Data Capture) is also requires in delivery system and it is automatically methods of identifying objects, collecting data about them, and entering that data directly into bar code. As software Rifidi is require for RFID(Radio frequency identification, it is to provide a development tool that greatly simplifies the way RFID application are developed. That software also defined RFID Tags and RFID Readers. Recommendation I think RFID (Radio frequency identification) is necessary for the delivery system because it is need to identify the product and quick for delivery process. And also use RFID software of Rifidi. Use OCR(Optical Character recognition) and OMR(Optical Mark Recognition) in delivery system. OCR use for printed text recognition and OMR use for marks recognition. Not only small business but also large business needs one important duty. That duty is to prevent theft. So, you need to know the method of how to prevent theft and monitoring staff and when theft occurs how you adjust stock levels. Choosing good character staff To prevent theft for stock control system, we will choose good character employee because the employee can thieve the stock easily in the company. So, choosing good character employee is important in any business. When hiring a new employee, you must take job application that have a section inquiring about criminal history. We will also need strictly control of staff. We also restrict the position of staff for entering of stock room. We should train the staff in dealing with thieves and set up a clear policy. We must set up rules for stock room such as when the staff out the stock room make checking the staff body, the staff that enters the stock room must sign in the stock entering file and restrict taking other things to the stock room. We set up the electronic thing that monitor staff. Keeping security guard men for stock room We should keep two types of security guard men for stock room, the first type of security guard men for looking stock room at day duty and the other type of security guard men for at night. Using fingerprint for prevention theft To prevent theft we should use stock security method, hardware, software and network. As hardware, we should use fingerprint in entering stock room. Using CCTV for prevention theft To prevent theft we should use stock security method, hardware, software and network. As hardware, we should use CCTV in stock room and check every 24 hours. Keeping the user name and password for prevention of theft To prevent theft we should keep user name and password in stock room. We should change the password one time in a month for security. We give the password and user name only to the authorized person. If there are unsuccessful 3 times attempt log in, we should close workstation. And after about 30 minutes, we should allow to type the user name and password again. Otherwise, we keep the security alarm system that connects to the user name and password system and the security alarm that ring when there are many times unsuccessful attempt log in. Other method for prevention theft We should always check report that include product in and out of stock and always check stock level. We should allow only authorized person to enter stock. When the stocks arrive, we should check the product list in delivery note and we should use RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for check product quantity. We should keep delivery bay secure. We need good record for stock secure. We should also keep track of when stock is sold, used, replaced or thrown away. We need also monitoring the staff to prevent theft. We should use many tool and install security cameras and surveillance mirrors for monitoring the staff and recording staff activitiesbyCCTV cameras. Adjusting stock level when theft occurs The thieving of stock can be staff in our business or thieve from the outside. However, when the theft occurs in our business we need adjusting stock level and resolving the problem. If the customer orders are stolen, we give information that your orders are stolen and wait the customer and make the order for customer again. If our stock are stolen, we check the supplier delivery product quantity and the product that arrive in our stock quantity. If supplier wrong delivery the product, we give information to the supplier that you delivery the wrong product quantity. We should record that how many products are stolen. Recommendation Use the software, hardware and network requirement to reduce the threat of stock theft. I keep the fingerprint in entrance of stock room. Use username and password to enter the stock room. Keep CCTV for monitoring the staff and recording the staff activities. Use the stock security software for control stock room with computer. If the theft occurs in my stock, I give information that your orders are stolen and wait the customer. And then, make the order for customer again. We should fill the product units that are stolen in our stock. Task 1 Introduction In the assigment, I search book informtion, order information , other information of three online book shops .I write recommendation of amazing book company upon the researching of informtion for the three online book shops. https://www.seekbooks.com.au/popcat.asp?catmain=COM000000catsub=COM012000storeURL=seekau This website describes the author name of book. Describe book description information of book, book of ISBN, book publisher, date of publisher, format of book, number of pages of book, language information and stock availability information. Order information If u want order u click add to cart button. And u can type number in Quantity u need. Also describes total information. If u want remove item in your shopping basket, click on the Delete button. Other information This website shows other information of Shipping Costs and Delivery Times. https://www.whsmith.co.uk/CatalogAndSearch/ProductDetails-Grow+Your+Own+Drugs+-33732817.html This website describes brief description of book, book of ISBN, Published Date, Publisher, imprint and pages and also describes full description of book. Order information This website give order information of ordering items with different availability, pre-orders, ordering from Whsmith Jersey, order receipt, order confirmation, ordering by phone, ordering from our partners, changing your order, cancelling your order. Other Information This website gives other information of 3 Ways to Save at WHSmith.co.uk This Week clearance offers. https://www.whsmith.co.uk/Support/help-ordering-change-orders.aspx https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/ Book information This website describes international standard book number (ISBN), publisher, edition, format of book, member Price and availability information and also give description of information. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/show/9781741668377 Order information If your order totals $200 or more before any discounts are applied, a Receipted Delivery charge of $1.60 will be added to your postage costs. Receipted Delivery is a signature on delivery service. For overseas orders, Australia Post international charges apply, plus a $2.00 handling fee. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/html/postage.html Other service information If you are a member, this online book company gives reservation and special orders services. They give 10-20% discount RRP members of this online book company. The member pricing too many purchases made in bookshops, through mail order or through the Co-op on-line bookshop. The member price can decrease price across promotions and products. This online book company gives 20% discount for the period between 21/04/2009 to 27/04/2009. https://www.coop-bookshop.com.au/bookshop/html/membership.html Recommendation Book information I do recommendation for the Amazing Books website. I choose the book information for the Amazing book website are author name of book, ISBN, Publication date, Number of pages, Price, description of book. Order information It should have quantity of book u order, total cost, Delete button for remove the item in your shopping basket, Delivery Company and delivery time for order. Other information It should describe Member information, Member price, and discount for much order and promotion period. Review for Task 1- I search the information from the internet about the book website that include how book information give to the customer, order information to the customer and other information for the customer. Then, I made the task 1. I write the recommendation for the task 1. I know and get more knowledge about how the websites give book information to the customer and how describe the book information by making Task 1. Task 2 A. The information required from your recommendations made in Task 1 Book information I do recommendation for the Amazing Books website. I choose the book information for the Amazing book website are author name of book, ISBN, Publication date, Number of pages, Price, description of book. Order information It should have quantity of book u order, total cost, Delete button for remove the item in your shopping basket, Delivery Company and delivery time for order. Other information It should describe Member information, Member price, and discount for much order and promotion period. B. The methods and hardware for recording new stock items, including their location in a large warehouse. 1. RFID for recording new stock items RFID is the technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items. An RFID system consists of an antenna and a transceiver, which read the radio frequency and transfers the information to a processing device (reader) and a transponder, or RF tag, which contains the RF circuitry and information to be transmitted. The antenna provides the means for the integrated circuit to transmit its information to the reader that converts the radio waves reflected back from the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed on to computers that can analyze the data. RFID are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. 2. Barcodes for recording new stock items Barcode has a various way for encoding numbers and letters by using a combination of bars and spaces of varying widths. Think of barcodes as another way of writing since barcodes replace keying data. In business, the correct use of BARCODES can reduce inefficiencies and increase companys productivities. Barcodes are easy, fast and an exact way of entering data. A barcode doesnt include descriptive data. Typically barcode has ID data encoded in it, and data is used by a computer to look up all detail information associated with the data. 3. WIRELESS PORTABLE BARCODE SCANNERS for recording new stock items A wireless solution is the perfect one when you need to collect information at a far location, and need the information instantly. A wireless portable barcode scanner is built into a terminal, and uploads data to the host as its scanned, exactly and instantly. Wireless portable barcode products can allow the user scan the information at the point-of-activity, which makes it ideal for industry. 4. The methods for recording new stock items The methods for recording new stock items involve deducting each order, new stock item received, and maintain a cumulative balance. Stock record card method is the most basic style of stock record and it can be hand-written or keyed where the stock is located and the maximum and minimum quantities to be held in stock. B. The methods and hardware for processing order. Order processing starts with the receipt of an order from a customer. It may be obtained by a salesperson, be telephoned in, or arrive by mail. Regular buyers and sellers are often linked electronically. As the buyers inventories become low, an electronic purchase order is generated. It is communicated to the seller, whose computers will determine that the goods are available, and the seller. 1. Phone Order Sometimes customer wants to hear a friendly and sometime online connection is not good for made order for the customer and so, the customer made order by phone. Phone orders are made customer satisfy because the customer can tell the point of that they want. 2. Online order Nowadays, the most people use the internet and if they want to buy something, they made order from online. Ordering online is easy, fast, and safe because online orders are usually used credit cards payment. Customers can purchase product by sending an order to a business which will consists details information of which products they want to purchase and how many. Order can be received Pass the post on order forms. This will need to be entered as records on the orders file onto the computer. Online. Customer can send order by using email or over the Internet. This order would be saved in the orders file. The order file would contain fields with information about item details and quantities the date of the order money owing or received from the customer. customer detail In online order process, it will need Credit Card Processing Verification Tool. It is check any credit card number to ensure its legitimacy. It can download free and using this tool to instantly eliminate fraudulent orders and invalid card numbers. Barcode for processing order When the barcode is scanned, information is sent to the computer and placed in the desired application. Its used to scan in the order number from the packing slip and its used to scan the serial numbers of the products being shipped, which also helps when tracking inventory. If the order has items that have serial numbers, click on the Add Serial # link, and scan the serial number barcodes from the products for that order. C. The methods and hardware for recording items dispatched. An invoice is sent requesting the amount of money due for the order when the goods are dispatched. The customer may give by cheque. If you pay for your item using PayPal, or the seller marks the item on their eBay page as Payment Received, the payment status in eBay will be updated automatically to show as Payment Sent. Although, if you paid using another payment method and you manually marks the item as Payment Sent, the seller is not notice automatically. Receipt Printer Any serial printer that supports direct serial (RS232) connection or any printer that connects parallel, via USB or Ethernet and is supported by a compatible OPOS driver. Both current Samsung OPOS and Epson drivers have been tested and are compatible with EPOS-Excel. HP Printer Duplex for LaserJet 8000 8100 8150 This HP printer duplex assembly allows automatic printing on both sides of the paper and handles booklet printing. Epson LX-300+II Dot Matrix Printer Designed for demanding work environments, the Epson LX-300+II offer the speed, reliability and user-friendly features you need for critical business requirements and get powerful performance, plus easy system integration with Parallel and Serial ports, as well as fast USB connectivity. This compact performer presents the perfect value for your busy workgroup, tackling high-volume, multipart print jobs with ease. The Epson LX-300+II prints up to 337 characters per second (12 characters per inch) in High-speed Draft Mode and handles up to 5-part forms. With its narrow format and durable, 9-pin technology, this hard-working printer handles virtually any task, including inventory reports, spreadsheets, receipts, invoices, packing slips, check runs and customer shipping labels. Plus, its compact size makes it ideal for that busy workroom with limited counter space. At 49 dB, the Epson LX-300+II is quieter than most impact printers. Built to handle all your critical tasks, the Epson LX-300 +II features multiple paper paths for greater versatility. It also includes eight built-in bar codes so you can customize documents as needed. D. The process for determining and flagging up stock reorder levels. Every business needs how to determine the stock levels. There are 3 level of stock average. They are maximum stock level, minimum stock level and reorder level. Maximum Stock Level the maximum ever held in storage. The stock total will not usually be this high. Maximum Stock Level = Amount used each month x Months between orders x 3 Minimum Stock level When the stock level of an item falls below the minimum quantity, it is time to reorder the product. There are some instances where it is difficult to maintain accurate stock levels because it is impractical to record each individual material disbursement. Stock in hand + Stock received Stock used = Balance left Re-order Stock Level this figure gives a quick reference to see when you need to re-order. When the stock reaches this level, or below, you will need to re-order supplies on the next ordering date. Re-order Level = (amount used each month) x (Months between orders) x 2 The reorder level is the sum of the safety stock and the forecast requirement within the replenishment lead time or the overall lead time for articles produced in-house. Re-order level approach Average stock levels stay more or less the same and are less responsive to changes in demand. There is a risk of stock outs with inexpected rising demand but outstanding re-supply orders can be chased. Other hardware for the complete system. Printer Epson C-58 Colour Printer. Handheld computer Modern or FTP link 80 GB HDD(7200 rpm) UPS 600 VA (Power tree) Classic 2 GB DDR3 Memory Recommendation For amazing book store, used RFID and barcodes as a hardware for recording new stock items. RFID are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. Barcodes are used for recording new stock items and their location for stock in of receipt of ordered items. Using barcodes as a hardware for processing order is convenience and for use to scan in the order number from the packing slip. Use Receipt Printer is suitable because it can support direct serial connection or any printer that connects via USB, parallel or Ethernet and is supported by a compatible OPOS driver. Review for Task 2- I use the internet for search the information of computerized stock control system. I investigate 4 computerized stock control systems for the task 2. I write the recommendation for the computerized stock system. By making task 2, I increase the knowledge about what hardware and methods are more convenience for the stock control system to record new stock items, what hardware are more reliable for order processing and much know what hardware for recording items dispatched. Task 3 Network Topologies There are four basic types of Network Topology. They are Star Topology Ring Topology Bus Topology Mesh topology Definition of star topology Star topology also call star network. It is the most common of used of network topologies. In star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a computer hub or sometimes just a switch where computers and devices are connect to a central hub. This is topology has only one central server node. All nodes are connected to a central node. Central device received or sent data. In the star topology, data transmitting between nodes is pass to the central node which transmit again the data to other nodes. Advantages of star topology If there is a failure in cable, only one computer will affect and it will not affect the entire network. It is simple in function so it is easy to mange. It is easy to troubleshoot because the problems can be easily located in this network. It is easy to install. It is easy to find the defects and to remove the parts. Transmitting data to unnecessary nodes can control. Disadvantages of star topology All the computers connected to a central hub would be disconnected when the central hub fails. All the operations of computers are depending upon the operation of the central server. The network may be slow if there are many nodes. It require more length of cable than a linear topology. Ring Topology Ring topology also known as ring network. Data travels from node to node. Packet of data is passed only in one direction, receive data node to node. This topology has only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. A token, or small data packet, is continuously passed around the network. When a device needs to transmit, it reserves the token for the next trip around, then attaches its data packet to it. The receiving device sends back the packet with an acknowledgment of receipt, then the sending device puts the token back out on the network. Data are passed in one direction only, being received by each node and then transferred to the next node. Advantages of ring topology Network server is not managing the connectivity between the computers. Ring networks are moderately easy to install. Using token ring can create much larger network Disadvantages of ring topology A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network. The failure of a single node of the network can cause the entire network to fail. The movement or changes made to network nodes affects the performance of the entire network. Linear bus topology The topology consists of main cable with a terminator at each end. Nodes are connected to the linear cable. A bus network uses a multi-drop transmission medium, all node on the network share a common bus and thus share communication. This allows only one device to transmit at a time. Data frames include source and destination addresses, where each station monitors the bus and copies frames addressed to itself.Computer connect this network will check these address and then receive and accept the data.If data sends in parallel, network use Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) access method for prevent data collision. Advantages of linear bus topology The computers are easy to connect. If one of the station fails, the other are not affect. Not need very much length of cable than a star topology. The complexity of wire is low. Disadvantages of linear bus topology If the main cable is a break, the whole network is shut down And so, this can become problem. Terminators are need. Definition of mesh topology In a mesh topology, the nodes are connected directly all other nodes. Each node can transmit, receive and routing data. This topology connects devices with multiple paths so redundancies exist. This topology is used mostly for wireless network. There are two types of mesh topology. They are fully mesh and partial mesh. Advantage It is reliable. No gateway computer so nodes can create their own paths. Disadvantage This topology can cause redundancy of many of the network connections. Need very much cable than the LAN topologies. Network Media There are four basic types of network cables. They are Fiber Optic cable Coaxial cable Unshielded Twisted pair cable (UTP) Shielded twisted pair Cable (STP) Fiber Optic Cable Fiber Optic Cable is a technology uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. It consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves. The advantages of fiber optic cable are it has high greater bandwidth so they can be used over greater distance than copper cable. Fiber optic cables are thinner and lighter than metal cable so it reduce size and weight and that it keep environmental protection and overall system economy. The disadvantage of fiber optic cable is that the cable is expensive to install. In addition, they are more fragile than wire and are difficult to splice. Coaxial Cable The coaxial cable is transmission line for high-frequency signals and carries both video and audio singals. The coaxial cable is used by Satellite Company. It also used by cable TV between the community antenna and user homes and business. There are two types of coaxial cables. They are thin coaxial and thick coaxial. Advantages of Coaxial Cable It is highly resistant to signal interference it can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted pair cable. Disadvantages of Coaxial Cable Great noise. High installation cost. More expensive than twisted pair cable. It is difficult to install. Unshielded Twisted pair cable Unshielded twisted pair cable is composed of pair of wires. Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) is used in a variety of networks. UTP computer networking and used to connect devices in a Local area network. it may react to radio or electrical interference. Advantages of unshielded twisted pair cable It is easy to install. It is low cost of materials. It is less expensive than other types of networking media. It costs less per foot than any other type of LAN cabling. Disadvantages of unshielded twisted pair cable No additional shielding to protect the medium from noise. It may react to radio or electrical interference. Recommendation I choose Fiber Optic Cable and star topology for build stock control system in Amazing book store. I think star topology is most suitable for the amazing book company because it is easy to mange and simple in function. It also has good performance. Failing one cable can affect only one computer and not affect the whole of network. If one of the computer fail does not effect other devices and computers in the network. I choose UTP cable for the amazing book company. It is easy to install, low cost of materials. By using this cable, it can get many benefits. Other cable are not suitable for this site because fiber optic cable is easy fragile and difficult to splice. Coaxial cable is difficult to install, great noise and have high installation cost. So, it is the best using the UTP cable. Keep database and connect to the workstation of website for the updating or recording information of book. When the customer buy or look detail information, the serve check the company database and display the information to the customer such as prices, discount, available quantity. Review for Task 3- I search the information from the internet and reference information for the task 3. I know about the network topology and network cable than before I am not making the task 3. Task 4 In any business, delivery system is important for product. Different business use different delivery methods. I investigate the electronic systems that could be used for recording the transfer of packages from Amazing books to the courier depot, then to the courier vehicle, and finally to the customer. The amazing book company uses the courier for delivery the package to the customer. Firstly, the amazing book company registers in the courier website. The courier company give the invoice ID and password to enter and look the delivery information of package in the website. The amazing book company gives the invoice ID and password to the customer can enter and look the package information. The courier company made delivery product by ship or car or air. The courier company website describes air delivery time information, ship delivery time information and car delivery time information in the website. The website also describe the delivery time information, overseas delivers informatio n, price information depend upon the location. The packages are carried by ship1-8days. So, the customer needs to know that information. So, the website admin need to repair and update the delivery information. And also need to send e-mail that describes the delivery information. The website also describes the package arrive location information for the customer. So, the customer can know their package arrive location. If the late condition of package such as when the ship meet the storm and so the delivery package can late. The customer can worry that their product are not arrive at right time. So, the website needs to give that information to the customer and amazing book company. The customer can change the delivery information option using the invoice ID and password but the delivery option can not change after the order has been confirmed. If goods are damaged due to courier or something, the website describe damage package and the website admin send mail. The customer can pay website by credit card when the delivery is complete. The website also describes insurance of package. Website admin always update website information. Website admin also describes the site map of website and help system. AIDC (Automatic Identification and Data Capture) is also requires in delivery system and it is automatically methods of identifying objects, collecting data about them, and entering that data directly into bar code. As software Rifidi is require for RFID(Radio frequency identification, it is to provide a development tool that greatly simplifies the way RFID application are developed. That software also defined RFID Tags and RFID Readers. Recommendation I think RFID (Radio frequency identification) is necessary for the delivery system because it is need to identify the product and quick for delivery process. And also use RFID software of Rifidi. Use OCR(Optical Character recognition) and OMR(Optical Mark Recognition) in delivery system. OCR use for printed text recognition and OMR use for marks recognition. Review for Task 4- I investigate the electronic system from the internet and get information. Then I do task 4 and look the information that search from the internet as a reference and write recommendation. I get more knowledge concerning delivery system by finishing task 4. Task 5 Not only small business but also large business needs one important duty. That duty is to prevent theft. So, you need to know the method of how to prevent theft and monitoring staff and when theft occurs how you adjust stock levels. Choosing good character staff To prevent theft for stock control system, we will choose good character employee because the employee can thieve the stock easily in the company. So, choosing good character employee is important in any business. When hiring a new employee, you must take job application that have a section inquiring about criminal history. We will also need strictly control of staff. We also restrict the position of staff for entering of stock room. We should train the staff in dealing with thieves and set up a clear policy. We must set up rules for stock room such as when the staff out the stock room make checking the staff body, the staff that enters the stock room must sign in the stock entering file and restrict taking other things to the stock room. We set up the electronic thing that monitor staff. Keeping security guard men for stock room We should keep two types of security guard men for stock room, the first type of security guard men for looking stock room at day duty and the other type of security guard men for at night. Using fingerprint for prevention theft To prevent theft we should use stock security method, hardware, software and network. As hardware, we should use fingerprint in entering stock room. Using CCTV for prevention theft To prevent theft we should use stock security method, hardware, software and network. As hardware, we should use CCTV in stock room and check every 24 hours. Keeping the user name and password for prevention of theft To prevent theft we should keep user name and password in stock room. We should change the password one time in a month for security. We give the password and user name only to the authorized person. If there are unsuccessful 3 times attempt log in, we should close workstation. And after about 30 minutes, we should allow to type the user name and password again. Otherwise, we keep the security alarm system that connects to the user name and password system and the security alarm that ring when there are many times unsuccessful attempt log in. Other method for prevention theft We should always check report that include product in and out of stock and always check stock level. We should allow only authorized person to enter stock. When the stocks arrive, we should check the product list in delivery note and we should use RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for check product quantity. We should keep delivery bay secure. We need good record for stock secure. We should also keep track of when stock is sold, used, replaced or thrown away. We need also monitoring the staff to prevent theft. We should use many tool and install security cameras and surveillance mirrors for monitoring the staff and recording staff activitiesbyCCTV cameras. Adjusting stock level when theft occurs The thieving of stock can be staff in our business or thieve from the outside. However, when the theft occurs in our business we need adjusting stock level and resolving the problem. If the customer orders are stolen, we give information that your orders are stolen and wait the customer and make the order for customer again. If our stock are stolen, we check the supplier delivery product quantity and the product that arrive in our stock quantity. If supplier wrong delivery the product, we give information to the supplier that you delivery the wrong product quantity. We should record that how many products are stolen. Recommendation Use the software, hardware and network requirement to reduce the threat of stock theft. I keep the fingerprint in entrance of stock room. Use username and password to enter the stock room. Keep CCTV for monitoring the staff and recording the staff activities. Use the stock security software for control stock room with computer. If the theft occurs in my stock, I give information that your orders are stolen and wait the customer. And then, make the order for customer again. We should fill the product units that are stolen in our stock. Review for Task 5- In task 5, I write about the prevention of theft and monitoring the staff and when the theft occurs how adjust stock level. This task give many knowledge about how protect the stock, how monitor the staff and when theft occurs how adjust stock level. So, I know more about if the stock theft occurs how I will do. Reference https://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~dcykcho/dco3310/lecture5/sld024.htm https://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~dcykcho/dco3310/lecture5/sld020.htm https://www.dolphinmaritime.com/software/workabout/stock.html https://www.bola.biz/operations/stock/systems.html https://www.corditek.co.uk/stock_control.php https://www.dmcsoftware.co.uk/sage-200/sage200-stockcontrol.aspx https://www.answers.com/topic/automatic-identification-and-data-capture https://www.a1express.com/ https://www.rifidi.org/ https://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/theteacher/gcse/newgcse/module9/task6.htm https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/431437/order-processing https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090709192719AARgdHk https://www.barcodediscounters.com/aboutbarcode.html https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCESitemId=1073792659

Women s Brain, And Marjane Satrapi s The Veil - 985 Words

Tools as an instrument define an individual s identity and reality by forming distinction methods through several circumstances. Intelligence, Language, Media, Religion, Science, Status, Class, Gender, Race and Ethnicity are various tools which are used to define people in the society. In this community, individuals do not get a chance to define themselves through actions because the way tools define them, then, there is no chance left to show their power which is why these tools define them by damages. As of the writings, Anne Fausto-Sterling’s â€Å"Society Constructs Biology; Biology Constructs Gender†, Stephen Jay Gould’s â€Å"Women’s Brain† and Marjane Satrapi’s â€Å"The Veil† illustrates and shows clear view of how gender can be effective in the ways that can bring differentiation in an individual’s life. The negative effect of how tools define, one has a huge influence among people’s point of view. In Societ y Constructs Biology; Biology Constructs Gender by Anne Fausto-Sterling, who attempted to prove that differences between men and women are still remain in societies. Scientists researched and found out that male are more dominant than women. We live in the society, where people still think that males are stronger physically, because they have more power. It is authentic that, males are stronger physically, but that is not the reason why women should be considered weak. Women don’t have the same power as a man would and that is why men are trying to control the

Dr. Wayne Lee s The Diabetes And Obesity Research...

The first time I stepped foot in the operating room it felt like it was a fantasy. I would see operating rooms in many different shows on television but I never thought that I could find myself in one until medical school. However, the Pre-Healthcare Program partnered me with an extraordinary mentor that allowed me to come into the operating room and into patient rooms so often that I felt that I was part of the medical team. Soon after starting the program I became accustomed to being in the operating room and in the hospital itself. I learned my way around the hospital especially floor 5, which is where I spent most of my time. I met incredible individuals such as my mentor Dr. Burch who continues to serve as a great mentor, Dr. Wayne Lee who I greatly thank for his detailed explanations and drawings of the surgical procedures performed, and some researchers that gave me incredible advice on my future endeavors. Dr. Ader the associate director of the Diabetes and Obesity Research I nstitute is one individual I had the incredible pleasure to speak to. She spoke to me of my already increasing interest in diabetes and obesity and spoke to me about the nonlinear path of life. She encouraged me to seek out any opportunities that arise even if I believe that I am not interested in that moment, since any exposure to a different path other than what I visualize in my future can either inspire a passion or teach me something invaluable. This program has played a pivotal role forShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., P ermissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesthink you will find the following classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck

Tensions in Colonial Society free essay sample

Both the Bacon Rebellion and the Pueblo revolt were ignited by the mounting apprehension of preserving safety and a way of life as white settlers and Native Americans come together on the same land. Because European settlers were trying to settle on land already occupied by Indians, many conflicts arose. For many white settlers, as was the case in the Bacon Rebellion, the clash of the two races caused an uneasy apprehension. The white settlers felt threatened by the Native Americans, and, as a result, resorted to unnecessary violence. In the Bacon Rebellion, this ongoing tension caused farmers to kill many Indians, even friendly ones. For many Native Americans the clash of the two races resulted in tension as the white settlers tried to change the Indian way of life. This was true of the Pueblo Indians in present day New Mexico who felt threatened by the Spanish because they were trying to impose an unfamiliar, Christian life on the Indians. We will write a custom essay sample on Tensions in Colonial Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With both groups we see a common tension: people are feeling threatened as a result of Native Americans and hite settler interaction. As with these uprisings, tension created by Indian/colonist interaction in colonial America often erupted into violence and rebellions. While the Pueblo revolt was mainly the result of Indian/Colonist conflict, the Bacon rebellion had many more aspects to it. The Bacon rebellion was inpart fueled by the strain between the most elite Americans and everyone else. For Bacon and his friends, who were upper-class Englishmen who came to America, the tension came rom resentment toward the Virginia elite for not including them. For the farmers, it was the belief that the elite government did not understand or sympathize with the danger Indians posed to farmers. When the two groups teamed up to fight out the tension against the elite, many Indians and innocent colonists were killed and injured. The deaths occurred when colonists vented their frustrations by taking matters into their own hands against the Indians and, later, fighting against the litists. The Bacon rebellion started because of uneasiness about the Indian situation, but it ended as a full on war with the elites. It was this end that reflects the growing tension between the elite and the common people of American colonial society. Colonial society in America was a new frontier for those that settled there. As with anything new, problems and tensions arose and these growing tensions were reflected in uprisings, such as Bacons Rebellion and the Pueblo Revolt. One of the ain tensions of colonial America was the result of two very different cultures, the Indians and the Colonists, wing for survival in this new situation. Other tensions arose when tight knit elitist groups excluded and disregarded the well being of others. Tensions between races and different social classes werent new to history. Nevertheless, their ubiquitous quality does not make them any less significant, nor did it help the colonists when the tensions exploded into Bacons Rebellion and the Pueblo revolt.

Tibet Essays - Tulkus, Tibetan Independence Movement, Tibet

Tibet Tibet Tibet needs better leadership. The Dalai Lama does not qualify as a good leader. If this man was a good leader, then he would have had this cleared up a long time ago. The life of the Tibetans is horrible. Their homes and living style has been changed ever since the invasion. According to the ?World Encyclopedia? and ?Tibet.com? The Tibetan people and culture have been under Chinese rule since 1950. Since then, more than 1.2 million Tibetans have been killed, another 100,000 forced into exile and thousands imprisoned. Recently, the Chinese have discovered that Tibetan culture brings in tourists. That causing hundreds of monasteries to be destroyed, statues mutilated, and religious treasures more than a thousand years old have been sold next to nothing, but outside the cities sturdy nomads continue with their lives as they have for thousands of years. The changes that could be made if a new leader was brought into this beautiful country are they would be freed and live normal lives. The Dalai Lama now doesn't seem to want to be free from China. Another thing that could change is that millions upon millions could have their lives saved. A new leader should be brought into office because the way the present leader is running the country. The Dalai Lama promised many changes that would be made such as, ?Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status of Tibet and of relations between the Tibetan and Chinese people.? notice how this hasn't happened yet. The Tibetans are suffering more by each month that passes. After these changes are made the suffering could have a chance to stop. The Dalai Lama doesn't want change because his life is great, but for the other millions in the country, it is a horrible life.

Jones Positive Classroom Discipline essays

Jones' Positive Classroom Discipline essays Joness Positive Classroom Discipline: Joness Positive Classroom Discipline provides effective tactics for preventing misbehavior and supporting proper behavior. Contrary to many others interested in classroom discipline theories, who believe in the role of verbal communication, Jones was the first one to emphasize the role of nonverbal communication by using body language such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and physical proximity to prevent and correct students misbehaviors. Joness central focus is in helping students support their own self-control so that they behave properly and maintain a positive attitude. To reach that goal, Jones emphasizes good classroom management, teaching in a way that does not give students the opportunity to goof off or slack off, but instead will keep them on task. He believes that keeping students interacting with each other is the best way to keep them on task. His graphical approach to teaching: teacher input, student output, teacher input, student output, etc. whi ch he calls Say, See, and Do Teaching. It is very effective in keeping the students from fooling around because they are kept busy while the teacher circulates and interacts with them while at work. The reason for this instructional approach is to avoid what he calls built in factors for students misbehaviors: when teachers spend major portions of their class periods presenting information to students while the students remain relatively passive, the large amount of input will produce cognitive overload in the students, which makes them disengaged from the lesson. Also, when student get passive for too long, they either fall asleep and get bored or get the urge of doing something like moving around or chatting with each other which creates a discipline problem. Most importantly, when the teacher goes around, s/he has a chance to work the crowd and to interact ...

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 35

Summary - Essay Example In addition, IT is considered as the revolutionary series of technologies, which have revolutionized the industry significantly. This paper will discuss whether IT is relevant in the present economic society, which is characterized by intense competitiveness and innovativeness. After the introduction of a way in which circuits could be incorporated into a small silicon piece to facilitate in computer processing, the microprocessor has paved way for a number of technological breakthroughs, targeting enterprise software, the internet. Wide and local area networks and desktop computers. In this case, it is not possible for an individual to deny that technology serves as commerce’s backbone. It improves the activities of individual companies, improves their supply chains, and links firms to the clients they serve more effectively (Carr, 2007). The power and presence of IT has grown considerably, forcing companies to consider it as a resource that is vital to their growth and success. This is evident based on the spending habits that firms portray. Since the revolution realized on the microprocessor and introduction of personal computers, companies have continued to increasingly invest on IT infrastructure to help them boost their operations and competitiveness in the marketplace considerably (Carr, 2007). As IT penetrates deeper into the operations of firms, the attitudes of executives are shifting. For instance, more than twenty years ago, a large number of executives looked down upon computers as popular tools, but glorified calculators and typewriters. Computers were associated with low-level employees, such as analysts, secretaries, and technicians. Rare executives allowed their fingers to touch a keyboard. Nonetheless, they would not let information technology influence their strategic thinking. Presently, this has changed as executives as relying on information

REFLECTIVE LEARNING JOURNAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

REFLECTIVE LEARNING JOURNAL - Essay Example However, I was surprised to realize that it is not the faculty decision to change the evaluation methods. The decision is up to the dean of The Applied Medical Science who is not even a nurse. I think having such a bureaucratic system decreases innovation and creativity in a nursing college. It was great to know that yyyy University has modified its curriculum. More Nursing courses have been added to the program and include Nursing Informatics, Care of Older Adults, Principles of Education for Nurses, Counseling, Epidemiology, Nursing Theory, and Genetics for Nurses. I think adding these courses is a great move forward because it happens after hiring new faculties who get their PhDs in education from developed countries. This change makes me feel better about the future of nursing in Saudi Arabia because there is apt of improvement that just needs passionate personnel. The faculties were very welcoming and they accepted my ideas and me. Additionally, they were very encouraging especi ally because some of them had been my instructors when I was undergraduate student. They were also very proud of my accomplishments. That made me happy and more excited to go back to Saudi and contribute to the improvement of nursing education and ultimately nursing care in my country. I also feel grateful because I contributed to changes at Yanbu College in Yanbu city in Saudi Arabia. My brother is an associate professor at Yanbu Collage and teaches chemical engineering. I discussed with him the teaching pedagogies, the assessment, and evaluation methods I learned at xxxxx. At that time, I realized that having a PhD in a field does not mean that you can teach well. This is because my brother has a PhD in Chemical Engineering but he did not know how to be an effective educator. I was very excited telling him everything I could possibly remember from NUR 504, NUR 528, and NUR 600 courses. He liked the flipped classroom strategy

Orhan Pamuk, The Art of Fiction Essay Example for Free

Orhan Pamuk, The Art of Fiction Essay Orhan Pamuk was born in 1952 in Istanbul, where he †¨continues to live. His family had made a fortune in railroad construction during the early days of the Turkish Republic and Pamuk attended Robert College, where the children of the city‟s privileged elite received a secular, Western-style education. Early in life he developed a passion for the visual arts, but after enrolling in college to study architecture he decided he wanted to write. He is now Turkey‟s most widely read author. His first novel, CevdetBey and His Sons, was published in 1982 and was followed by The Silent House (1983), The White Castle (1985/1991 in English translation), The Black Book(1990/1994), and The New Life (1994/1997). In 2003 Pamuk received the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award for My Name Is Red (1998/2001), a murder mystery set in sixteenth-century †¨Istanbul and narrated by multiple voices. The novel explores themes central to his fiction: the intricacies of identity in a country that straddles East and West, sibling rivalry, the existence of doubles, the value of beauty and originality, and the anxiety of cultural influence. Snow (2002/2004), which focuses on religious and political radicalism, was the first of his novels to confront political extremism in contemporary Turkey and it confirmed his standing abroad even as it divided opinion at home. Pamuk‟s most recent book is Istanbul: Memories and the City (2003/2005), a double portrait of himself—in childhood and youth—and of the place he comes from. This interview with OrhanPamuk was conducted in two sustained sessions in London and by correspondence. The first conversation occurred in May of 2004 at the time of the British publication of Snow. A special room had been booked for the meeting—a fluorescentlit, noisily air-conditioned corporate space in the hotel basement. Pamuk arrived, wearing a black corduroy jacket over a light-blue shirt and dark slacks, and observed, â€Å"We could die here and nobody would ever find us.† We retreated to a plush, quiet corner of the hotel lobby where we spoke for three hours, pausing only for coffee and a chicken sandwich. In April of 2005 Pamuk returned to London for the publication of †¨Istanbul and we settled into the same corner of the hotel lobby to speak for two hours. At first he seemed quite strained, and with reason. Two months earlier, in an interview with the Swiss newspaper Der Tages-Anzeiger, he had said of Turkey, â€Å"thirty thousand Kurds and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody but me dares to talk about it.† This remark set off a relentless campaign against Pamuk in the Turkish nationalist press. After all, the Turkish government persists in denying the 1915 genocidal slaughter of Armenians in Turkey and has imposed laws severely restricting discussion of the ongoing Kurdish conflict. Pamuk declined to discuss the controversy for the public record in the hope that it would soon fade. In August, however, Pamuk‟s remarks in the Swiss paper resulted in his being charged under Article 301/1 of the Turkish Penal Code with â€Å"public denigration† of Turkish identity—a crime punishable by up to three years in prison. Despite outraged international press coverage of his case, as well as vigorous protest to the Turkish government by members of the European Parliament and by International PEN, when this magazine went to press in midNovember Pamuk was still slated to stand trial on December 16, 2005. INTERVIEWER How do you feel about giving interviews? ORHAN PAMUK I sometimes feel nervous because I give stupid answers to certain pointless questions. It happens in Turkish as much as in English. I speak bad Turkish and utter stupid sentences. I OrhanPamuk, Interviewed by à ngelGurrà ­a-Quintana have been attacked in Turkey more for my interviews than for my books. Political polemicists and columnists do not read novels there. INTERVIEWER You‟ve generally received a positive response to your books in Europe and the United States. What is your critical reception in Turkey? PAMUK The good years are over now. When I was publishing my first books, the previous generation of authors was fading away, so I was welcomed because I was a new author. INTERVIEWER When you say the previous generation, whom do you have in mind? PAMUK The authors who felt a social responsibility, authors who felt that literature serves morality and politics. They were flat realists, not experimental. Like authors in so many poor countries, they wasted their talent on trying to serve their nation. I did not want to be like them, because even in my youth I had enjoyed Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, Proust—I had never aspired to the social-realist model of Steinbeck and Gorky. The literature produced in the sixties and seventies was becoming outmoded, so I was welcomed as an author of the new generation. After the mid-nineties, when my books began to sell in amounts that no one in Turkey had ever dreamed of, my honeymoon years with the Turkish press and intellectuals were over. From then on, critical reception was mostly a reaction to the publicity and sales, rather than the content of my books. Now, unfortunately, I am notorious for my political comments—most of which are picked up from international interviews and shamelessly manipulated by some Turkish nationalist journalists to make me look more radical and politically foolish than I really am. INTERVIEWER So there is a hostile reaction to your popularity? PAMUK My strong opinion is that it‟s a sort of punishment for my sales figures and political comments. But I don‟t want to continue saying this, because I sound defensive. I may be misrepresenting the whole picture. INTERVIEWER Where do you write? PAMUK I have always thought that the place where you sleep or the place you share with your partner should be separate from the place where you write. The domestic rituals and details somehow kill the imagination. They kill the demon in me. The domestic, tame daily routine makes the longing for the other world, which the imagination needs to operate, fade away. So for years I always had an office or a little place outside the house to work in. I always had different flats. But once I spent half a semester in the U.S. while my ex-wife was taking her Ph.D. at Columbia University. We were living in an apartment for married students and didn‟t have any space, so I had to sleep and write in the same place. Reminders of family life were all around. This upset me. In the mornings I used to say goodbye to my wife like someone going to work. I‟d leave the house, walk around a few blocks, and come back like a person arriving at the office. Ten years ago I found a flat overlooking the Bosphorus with a view of the old city. It has, perhaps, one of the best views of Istanbul. It is a twenty-five-minute walk from where I live. It is full of books and my desk looks out onto the view. Every day I spend, on average, some ten hours there. OrhanPamuk, Interviewed by à ngelGurrà ­a-Quintana INTERVIEWER Ten hours a day? PAMUK Yes, I‟m a hard worker. I enjoy it. People say I‟m ambitious, and maybe there‟s truth in that too. But I‟m in love with what I do. I enjoy sitting at my desk like a child playing with his toys. It‟s work, essentially, but it‟s fun and games also. INTERVIEWER Orhan, your namesake and the narrator of Snow, describes himself as a clerk who sits down at the same time every day. Do you have the same discipline for writing? PAMUK I was underlining the clerical nature of the novelist as opposed to that of the poet, who has an immensely prestigious tradition in Turkey. To be a poet is a popular and respected thing. Most of the Ottoman sultans and statesmen were poets. But not in the way we understand poets now. For hundreds of years it was a way of establishing yourself as an intellectual. Most of these people used to collect their poems in manuscripts called divans. In fact, Ottoman court poetry is called divan poetry. H alf of the Ottoman statesmen produced divans. It was a sophisticated and educated way of writing things, with many rules and rituals. Very conventional and very repetitive.†¨After Western ideas came to Turkey, this legacy was combined with the romantic and modern idea of the poet as a person who burns for truth. It added extra weight to the prestige of the poet. On the other hand, a novelist is essentially a person who covers distance through his patience, slowly, like an ant. A novelist impresses us not by his demonic and romantic vision, but by his patience. INTERVIEWER Have you ever written poetry? PAMUK I am often asked that. I did when I was eighteen and I published some poems in Turkey, but then I quit. My explanation is that I realized that a poet is someone through whom God is speaking. You have to be possessed by poetry. I tried my hand at poetry, but I realized after some time that God was not speaking to me. I was sorry about this and then I tried to imagine—if God were speaking through me, what would he be saying? I began to write very meticulously, slowly, trying to figure this out. That is prose writing, fiction writing. So I worked like a clerk. Some other writers consider this expression to be a bit of an insult. But I accept it; I work like a clerk. INTERVIEWER Would you say that writing prose has become easier for you over time? PAMUK Unfortunately not. Sometimes I feel my character should enter a room and I still don‟t know how to make him enter. I may have more self-confidence, which sometimes can be unhelpful because then you‟re not experimenting, you just write what comes to the tip of your pen. I‟ve been writing fiction for the last thirty years, so I should think that I‟ve improved a bit. And yet I still sometimes come to a dead end where I thought there never would be one. A character cannot enter a room, and I don‟t know what to do. Still! After thirty years. The division of a book into chapters is very important for my way of thinking. When writing a novel, if I know the whole story line in advance—and most of the time I do—I divide it into chapters and think up the details of what I‟d like to happen in each. I don‟t necessarily start with the first chapter and write all the others in order. When I‟m blocked, which is not a grave thing for me, I continue with whatever takes my fancy. I may write from the first to the fifth chapter, then if I‟m not enjoying it I skip to number fifteen and continue from there. INTERVIEWER 3 OrhanPamuk, Interviewed by à ngelGurrà ­a-Quintana Do you mean that you map out the entire book in advance? PAMUK Everything. My Name Is Red, for instance, has many characters, and to each character I assigned a certain number of chapters. When I was writing, sometimes I wanted to continue â€Å"being† one of the characters. So when I finished writing one of Shekure‟s chapters, perhaps chapter seven, I skipped to chapter eleven, which is her again. I liked being Shekure. Skipping from one character or persona to another can be depressing. But the final chapter I always write at the end. That is definite. I like to tease myself, ask myself what the ending should be. I can only execute the ending once. Towards the end, before finishing, I stop and rewrite most of the early chapters. INTERVIEWER Do you ever have a reader while you are working? PAMUK I always read my work to the person I share my life with. I‟m always grateful if that person says, Show me more, or, Show me what you have done today. Not only does that p rovide a bit of necessary pressure, but it‟s like having a mother or father pat you on the back and say, Well done. Occasionally, the person will say, Sorry, I don‟t buy this. Which is good. I like that ritual. I‟m always reminded of Thomas Mann, one of my role models. He used to bring the whole family together, his six children and his wife. He used to read to all his gathered family. I like that. Daddy telling a story. INTERVIEWER When you were young you wanted to be a painter. When did your love of painting give way to your love of writing? PAMUK At the age of twenty-two. Since I was seven I had wanted to be a painter, and my family had accepted this. They all thought that I would be a famous painter. But then something happened in my head—I realized that a screw was loose—and I stopped painting and immediately began writing my first novel. INTERVIEWER A screw was loose? PAMUK I can‟t say what my reasons were for doing this. I recently published a book calledIstanbul. Half of it is my autobiography until that moment and the other half is an essay about Istanbul, or more precisely, a child‟s vision of Istanbul. It‟s a combination of thinking about images and landscapes and the chemistry of a city, and a child‟s perception of that city, and that child‟s autobiography. The last sentence of the book reads, â€Å"„I don‟t want to be an artist,‟ I said. „I‟m going to be a writer.‟† And it‟s not explained. Although reading the whole book may explain something. INTERVIEWER Was your family happy about this decision? PAMUK My mother was upset. My father was somewhat more understanding because in his youth he wanted to be a poet and translated Valà ©ry into Turkish, but gave up when he was mocked by the upper-class circle to which he belonged. INTERVIEWER Your family accepted you being a painter, but not a novelist? PAMUK Yes, because they didn‟t think I would be a full-time painter. The family tradition was in civil engineering. My grandfather was a civil engineer who made lots of money building railroads. My uncles and my father lost the money, but they all went to the same engineering school, Istanbul Technical University. I was expected to go there and I said, All right, I will go there. But since I was the artist in the family, the notion was that I should become an architect. It seemed to be a satisfying solution for everyone. So I went to that university, but in the middle of architectural school I suddenly quit painting and began writing novels. INTERVIEWER Did you already have your first novel in mind when you decided to quit? Is that why you did it? PAMUK As far as I remember, I wanted to be a novelist before I knew what to write. In fact, when I did start writing I had two or three false starts. I still have the notebooks. But after about six months I started a major novel project that ultimately got published as CevdetBey and His Sons. INTERVIEWER That hasn‟t been translated into English. PAMUK It is essentially a family saga, like the Forsyte Saga or Thomas Mann ¸s Buddenbrooks. Not long after I finished it I began to regret having written something so outmoded, a very nineteenth-century novel. I regretted writing it because, around the age of twenty-five or twenty-six, I began to impose on myself the idea that I should be a modern author. By the time the novel was finally published, when I was thirty, my writing had become much more experimental. INTERVIEWER When you say you wanted to be more modern, experimental, did you have a model in mind? PAMUK At that time, the great writers for me were no longer Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Stendhal, or Thomas Mann. My heroes were Virginia Woolf and Faulkner. Now I would add Proust and Nabokov to that list. INTERVIEWER The opening line of The New Life is, â€Å"I read a book one day and my whole life was changed.† Has any book had that effect on you? PAMUK The Sound and the Fury was very important to me when I was twenty-one or twentytwo. I bought a copy of the Penguin edition. It was hard to understand, especially with my poor English. But there was a wonderful translation of the book into Turkish, so I would to put the Turkish and the English together on the table and read half a paragraph from one and then go back to the other. That book left a mark on me. The residue was the voice that I developed. I soon began to write in the first person singular. Most of the time I feel better when I‟m impersonating someone else rather than writing in the third person. INTERVIEWER You say it took years to get your first novel published? PAMUK In my twenties I did not have any literary friendships; I didn‟t belong to any literary group in Istanbul. The only way to get my first book published was to submit it to a literary competition for unpublished manuscripts in Turkey. I did that and won the prize, which was to be published by a big, good publisher. At the time, Turkey‟s economy was in a bad state. They said, Yes, we‟ll give you a contract, but they delayed the novel‟s publication. INTERVIEWER Did your second novel go more easily—more quickly? PAMUK The second book was a political book. Not propaganda. I was already writing it while I waited for the first book to appear. I had given that book some two and a half years. Suddenly, one night there was a military coup. This was in 1980. The next day the would-be publisher of the first book, the CevdetBey book, said he wasn‟t going to publish it, even though we had a contract. I realized that even if I finished my second book—the political book—that day, I would not be able to publish it for five or six years because the military would not allow it. So my thoughts ran as follows: At the age of twenty-two I said I was going to be a novelist and wrote for seven years hoping to get something published in Turkey . . . and nothing. Now I‟m almost thirty and there‟s no possibility of publishing anything. I still have the two hundred and fifty pages of that unfinished political novel in one of my drawers. Immediately after the military coup, because I didn‟t want to get depressed, I started a third book—the book to which you referred, The Silent House. That‟s what I was working on in 1982 when the first book was finally published. Cevdet was well received, which meant that I could publish the book I was then writing. So the third book I wrote was the second to be published. INTERVIEWER What made your novel unpublishable under the military regime? PAMUK The characters were young upper-class Marxists. Their fathers and mothers would go to summer resorts, and they had big spacious rich houses and enjoyed being Marxists. They would fight and be jealous of each other and plot to blow up the prime minister. INTERVIEWER Gilded revolutionary circles? PAMUK Upper-class youngsters with rich people‟s habits, pretending to be ultraradical. But I was not making a moral judgment about that. Rather, I was romanticizing my youth, in a way. The idea of throwing a bomb at the prime minister would have been enough to get the book banned. So I didn‟t finish it. And you change as you write books. You cannot assume the same persona again. You cannot continue as before. Each book an author writes represents a period in his development. One‟s novels can be seen as the milestones in the development of one‟s spirit. So you cannot go back. Once the elasticity of fiction is dead, you cannot move it again. INTERVIEWER When you‟re experimenting with ideas, how do you choose the form of your novels? Do you start with an image, with a first sentence? PAMUK There is no constant formula. But I make it my business not to write two novels in the same mode. I try to change everything. This is why so many of my readers tell me, I liked this novel of yours, it‟s a shame you didn‟t write other novels like that, or, I never enjoyed one of your novels until you wrote that one—I‟ve heard that especially about The Black Book. In fact I hate to hear this. It‟s fun, and a challenge, to experiment with form and style, and language and mood and persona, and to think about each book differently. The subject matter of a book may come to me from various sources. With My Name Is Red, I wanted to write about my ambition to become a painter. I had a false start; I began to write a monographic book focused on one painter. Then I turned the painter into various painters worki ng together in an atelier. The point of view changed, because now there were other painters talking. At first I was thinking of writing about a contemporary painter, but then I thought this Turkish painter might be too derivative, too influenced by the West, so I went back in time to write about miniaturists. That was how I found my subject. Some subjects also necessitate certain formal innovations or storytelling strategies. Sometimes, for example, you‟ve just seen something, or read something, or been to a movie, or read a newspaper article, and then you think, I‟ll make a potato speak, or a dog, or a tree. Once you get the idea you start thinking about symmetry and continuity in the novel. And you feel, Wonderful, no one‟s done this before. Finally, I think of things for years. I may have ideas and then I tell them to my close friends. I keep lots of notebooks for possible novels I may write.Sometimes I don‟t write them, but if I open a notebook and begin taking notes for it, it is likely that I will write that novel. So when I‟m finishing one novel my heart may be set on one of these projects; and two months after finishing one I start writing the other. INTERVIEWER Many novelists will never discuss a work in progress. Do you also keep that a secret? PAMUK I never discuss the story. On formal occasions, when people ask what I‟m writing, I have a one-sentence stock reply: A novel that takes place in contemporary Turkey. I open up to very few people and only when I know they won‟t hurt me. What I do is talk about the gimmicks—I‟m going to make a cloud speak, for instance. I like to see how people react to them. It is a childish thing. I did this a lot when writing Istanbul. My mind is like that of a little playful child, trying to show his daddy how clever he is. INTERVIEWER The word gimmick has a negative connotation. PAMUK You begin with a gimmick, but if you believe in its literary and moral seriousness, in the end it turns into serious literary invention. It becomes a literary statement. INTERVIEWER Critics often characterize your novels as postmodern. It seems to me, however, that you draw your narrative t ricks primarily from traditional sources. You quote, for instance, fromTheThousand and One Nights and other classic texts in the Eastern tradition. PAMUK That began with The Black Book, though I had read Borges and Calvino earlier. I went with my wife to the United States in 1985, and there I first encountered the prominence and the immense richness of American culture. As a Turk coming from the Middle East, trying to establish himself as an author, I felt intimidated. So I regressed, went back to my â€Å"roots.† I realized that my generation had to invent a modern national literature. Borges and Calvino liberated me. The connotation of traditional Islamic literature was so reactionary, so political, and used by conservatives in such old-fashioned and foolish ways, that I never thought I could do anything with that material. But once I was in the United States, I realized I could go back to that material with a Calvinoesque or Borgesian mind frame. I had to begin by making a strong distinction between the religious and literary connotations of Islamic literature, so that I could easily appropriate its wealth of games, gimmicks, and parables. Turkey had a sophisticated tradition of highly refined ornamental literature. But then the socially committed writers emptied our literature of its innovative content. There are lots of allegories that repeat themselves in the various oral storytelling traditions—of China, India, Persia. I decided to use them and set them in contemporary Istanbul. It‟s an experiment—put everything together, like a Dadaist collage; The Black Bookhas this quality. Sometimes all these sources are fused together and something new emerges. So I set all these rewritten stories in Istanbul, added a detective plot, and out came The Black Book. But at its source was the full strength of American culture and my desire to be a serious experimental writer. I could not write a social commentary about Turkey‟s problems—I was intimidated by them. So I had to try something else. INTERVIEWER Were you ever interested in doing social commentary through literature? PAMUK No. I was reacting to the older generation of novelists, especially in the eighties. I say this with all due respect, but their subject matter was very narrow and parochial. INTERVIEWER Let‟s go back to before The Black Book. What inspired you to write †¨The White Castle? It‟s the first book where you employ a theme that recurs throughout the rest of your novels—impersonation. Why do you think this idea of becoming somebody else crops up so often in your fiction? PAMUK It‟s a very personal thing. I have a very competitive brother who is only eighteen months older than me. In a way, he was my father—my Freudian father, so to speak. It was he who became my alter ego, the representation of authority. On the other hand, we also had a competitive and brotherly comradeship. A very complicated relationship. I wrote extensively about this in Istanbul. I was a typical Turkish boy, good at soccer and enthusiastic about all sorts of games and competitions. He was very successful in school, better than me. I felt jealousy towards him, and he was jealous of me too. He was the reasonable and responsible person, the one our superiors addressed. While I was paying attention to games, he paid attention to rules. We were competing all the time. And I fancied being him, that kind of thing. It set a model. Envy, jealousy—these are heartfelt themes for me. I always worry about how much my brother‟s strength or his success might have influenced me. This is an essential part of my spirit. I am aware of that, so I put some distance between me and those feelings. I know they are bad, so I have a civilized person‟s determination to fight them. I‟m not saying I‟m a victim of jealousy. But this is the galaxy of nerve points that I try to deal with all the time. And of course, in the end, it becomes the subject matter of all my stories. In The White Castle, for instance, the almost sadomasochistic relationship between the two main characters is based on my relationship wi th my brother. On the other hand, this theme of impersonation is reflected in the fragility Turkey feels when faced with Western culture. After writing The White Castle, I realized that this jealousy—the anxiety about being influenced by someone else—resembles Turkey‟s position when it looks west. You know, aspiring to become Westernized and then being accused of not being authentic enough. Trying to grab the spirit of Europe and then feeling guilty about the imitative drive. The ups and downs of this mood are reminiscent of the relationship between competitive brothers. INTERVIEWER Do you believe the constant confrontation between Turkey‟s Eastern and Western impulses will ever be peacefully resolved? PAMUK I‟m an optimist. Turkey should not worry about having two spirits, belonging to two different cultures, having two souls. Schizophrenia makes you intelligent. You may lose your relation with reality—I‟m a fiction writer, so I don‟t think that‟s such a bad thing—but you shouldn‟t worry about your schizophrenia. If you worry too much about one part of you killing the other, you‟ll be left with a single spirit. That is worse than having the sickness. This is my theory. I try to propagate it in Turkish politics, among Turkish politicians who demand that the country should have one consistent soul—that it should belong to either the East or the West or be nationalistic. I‟m critical of that monistic outlook. INTERVIEWER How does that go down in Turkey? PAMUK The more the idea of a democratic, liberal Turkey is established, the more my thinking is accepted. Turkey can join the European Union only with this vision. It‟s a way of fighting against nationalism, of fighting the rhetoric of Us against Them. INTERVIEWER And yet in Istanbul, in the way you romanticize the city, you seem to mourn the loss of the Ottoman Empire. PAMUK I‟m not mourning the Ottoman Empire. I‟m a Westernizer. I‟m pleased that the Westernization process took place. I‟m just criticizing the limited way in which the ruling elite—meaning both the bureaucracy and the new rich—had conceived of Westernization. They lacked the confidence necessary to create a national culture rich in its own symbols and rituals. They did not strive to create an Istanbul culture that would be an organic combination of East and West; they just put Western and Eastern things together. There was, of course, a strong local Ottoman culture, but that was fading away little by little. What they had to do, and could not possibly do enough, was invent a strong local culture, which would be a combination—not an imitation—of the Eastern past and the Western present. I try to do the same kind of thing in my books. Probably new generations will do it, and entering the European Union will not destroy Turkish identity but make it flourish and give us more freedom and self-confidence to invent a new Turkish culture. Slavishly imitating the West or slavishly imitating the old dead Ottoman culture is not the solution. You have to do something with these things and shouldn‟t have anxiety about belonging to one of them too much. INTERVIEWER In Istanbul, however, you do seem to identify with the foreign, Weste rn gaze over your own city. PAMUK But I also explain why a Westernized Turkish intellectual can identify with the Western gaze—the making of Istanbul is a process of identification with the West. There is always this dichotomy, and you can easily identify with the Eastern anger too. Everyone is sometimes a Westerner and sometimes an Easterner—in fact a constant combination of the two. I like Edward Said‟s idea of Orientalism, but since Turkey was never a colony, the romanticizing of Turkey was never a problem for Turks. Western man did not humiliate the Turk in the same way he humiliated the Arab or Indian. Istanbul was invaded only for two years and the enemy boats left as they came, so this did not leave a deep scar in the spirit of the nation. What left a deep scar was the loss of the Ottoman Empire, so I don‟t have that anxiety, that feeling that Westerners look down on me. Though after the founding of the Republic, there was a sort of intimidation because Turks wanted to Westernize but couldn‟t go far enough, which left a feeling of cultural inferiority that we have to address and that I occasionally may have. On the other hand, the scars are not as deep as other nations that were occupied for two hundred years, colonized. Turks were never suppressed by Western powers. The suppression that Turks suffered was self-inflicted; we erased our own history because it was practical. In that suppression there is a sense of fragility. But that self-imposed Westernization also brought isolation. Indians saw their oppressors face-to-face. Turks were strangely isolated from the Western world they emulated. In the 1950s and even 1960s, when a foreigner came to stay at the Istanbul Hilton it would be noted in all the newspapers. Do you believe that there is a canon or that one should even exist? We have heard of a Western canon, but what about a non-Western canon? PAMUK Yes, there is another canon. It should be explored, developed, shared, criticized, and then accepted. Right now the so-called Eastern canon is in ruins. The glorious texts are all around but there is no will to put them together. From the Persian classics, through to all the Indian, Chinese, and Japanese texts, these things should be assessed critically. As it is now, the canon is in the hands of Western scholars. That is the center of distribution and communication. INTERVIEWER The novel is a very Western cultural form. Does it have any place in the Eastern tradition? PAMUK The modern novel, dissociated from the epic form, is essentially a non-Oriental thing. Because the novelist is a person who does not belong to a community, who does not share the basic instincts of community, and who is thinking and judging with a different culture than the one he is experiencing. Once his consciousness is different from that of the community he belongs to, he is an outsider, a loner. And the richness of his text comes from that outsider‟s voyeuristic vision. Once you develop the habit of looking at the world like that and writing about it in this fashion, you have the desire to disassociate from the community. This is the model I was thinking about in Snow. INTERVIEWER Snow is your most political book yet published. How did you conceive of it? PAMUK When I started becoming famous in Turkey in the mid-1990s, at a time when the war against Kurdish guerillas was strong, the old leftist authors and the new modern liberals wanted me to help them, to sign petitions—they began to ask me to do political things unrelated to my books. Soon the esta blishment counterattacked with a campaign of character assassination. They began calling me names. I was very angry. After a while I wondered, What if I wrote a political novel in which I explored my own spiritual dilemmas—coming from an uppermiddle-class family and feeling responsible for those who had no political representation? I believed in the art of the novel. It is a strange thing how that makes you an outsider. I told myself then, I will write a political novel. I started to write it as soon as I finished My Name Is Red. INTERVIEWER Why did you set it in the small town of Kars? PAMUK It is notoriously one of the coldest towns in Turkey. And one of the poorest. In the early eighties, the whole front page of one of the major newspapers was about the poverty of Kars. Someone had calculated that you could buy the entire town for around a million dollars. The political †¨climate was difficult when I wanted to go there. The vicinity of the town is mostly populated by Kurds, but the center is a combination of Kurds, people from Azerbaijan, Turks, and all other sorts. There used to be Russians and Germans too. There are religious differences as well, Shia and Sunni. The war the Turkish government was waging against the Kurdish guerillas was so fierce that it was impossible to go as a tourist. I knew I could not simply go there as a novelist, so I asked a newspaper editor with whom I‟d been in touch for a press pass to visit the area. He is influential and he personally called the mayor and the police chief to let them know I was coming.